Spatial Spatial Analysis of Food Vulnerability and Security in Bengkulu Province Based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Abstract

Food security is a strategic issue that necessitates a comprehensive understanding of spatial variations across regions to support targeted policy planning. This study aims to analyze the conditions of food security and vulnerability in Bengkulu Province by employing a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach based on the Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA). The method utilized is spatial analysis of FSVA indicators, encompassing three main aspects of food security: food availability, food access, and food utilization. The results indicate that food security status across regencies/municipalities in Bengkulu Province varies, with an average index of 1.07 during the 2019–2023 period, comprising an availability index of 1.12, an access index of 1.13, and a utilization index of 0.97. Cluster analysis grouped the regions into three clusters with distinct characteristics. Cluster 1, comprising Kaur, South Bengkulu, and Lebong Regencies, exhibits favorable food security with strong availability and utilization indicators. Cluster 2, consisting of Central Bengkulu, Mukomuko, and North Bengkulu Regencies, excels in food access indicators. Meanwhile, Cluster 3, encompassing Rejang Lebong, Seluma, and Kepahiang Regencies, demonstrates high vulnerability concerning electrification, access to clean water, poverty, and life expectancy. This study recommends location-specific policies based on the food security characteristics of each region to optimize interventions and the allocation of food assistance more effectively and precisely.